Search | Engineering

订阅投稿

首页工程期刊工程焦点工程成就工程前沿关于我们 English

资源类型

期刊论文 384

会议视频 8

年份

2024 1

2023 28

2022 18

2021 39

2020 39

2019 34

2018 23

2017 20

2016 23

2015 18

2014 15

2013 14

2012 10

2011 14

2010 22

2009 13

2008 14

2007 9

2006 7

2005 1

展开︾

关键词

三峡工程 3

发展 3

发展战略 3

中药 2

信息技术 2

农业科学 2

创新 2

发展趋势 2

火灾 2

环境影响 2

精度控制 2

绿色制造 2

/III-V界面 1

2035年 1

Aphanomyces euteiches 1

AAC 1

ADAM10抑制剂 1

BSP） 1

CCD影像 1

展开︾

检索范围：

排序：展示方式：

Architect Robert Fan Wenzhao and the design of Chung Chi campus

Daqing GU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 456-464 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0094-2

摘要： In about 1949, there was a large-scale migration of architects from the mainland to Hong Kong, China. Among them were those important figures in the modern Chinese architectural history such as Robert Fan, Su Gin-Djih, and Chu Pin. Their arrival at this colony had changed its architectural practice substantially from professional organization to actually built environment. Their unique contributions to Hong Kong’s modern architecture have been a new research interest in recent years. This paper tells a story about Robert Fan and his design of the Chung Chi College campus in the 1950s with an intention to reveal the multiaspects of the so called “migrant architects” through a single architectural event. The author tries to capture the intertwining relationship between the migrant architects and educators through the reconstruction of the recruitment process for a campus architect by Chung Chi College and to identify Mr. Robert Fan’s concept of campus planning with reference to his early design experience in the mainland of China.

关键词： Hong Kongβmodern architecture China’s mainlandβmigrant architects Robert Fan Wenzhao Chung Chi College campus planning and design

HTML PDF 收藏

Mesenchymal stem cells and immune disorders: from basic science to clinical transition

Shihua Wang, Rongjia Zhu, Hongling Li, Jing Li, Qin Han, Robert Chunhua Zhao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 138-151 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0627-y

摘要： As a promising candidate seed cell type in regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted considerable attention. The unique capacity of MSCs to exert a regulatory effect on immunity in an autologous/allergenic manner makes them an attractive therapeutic cell type for immune disorders. In this review, we discussed the current knowledge of and advances in MSCs, including its basic biological properties, i.e., multilineage differentiation, secretome, and immunomodulation. Specifically, on the basis of our previous work, we proposed three new concepts of MSCs, i.e., “subtotipotent stem cell” hypothesis, MSC system, and “Yin and Yang” balance of MSC regulation, which may bring new insights into our understanding of MSCs. Furthermore, we analyzed data from the Clinical Trials database (http://clinicaltrials.gov) on registered clinical trials using MSCs to treat a variety of immune diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, we highlighted MSC clinical trials in China and discussed the challenges and future directions in the field of MSC clinical application.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cell clinical transition immune disorders

HTML PDF 收藏

Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for regenerative medicine

Shihua Wang, Xuebin Qu, Robert Chunhua Zhao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 372-378 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0164-4

摘要： Regenerative medicine is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research that uses several technological approaches including stem cells to repair tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of adult stem cell, have generated a great amount of interest over the past decade in this field. Numerous studies have explored the role of MSCs in tissue repair and modulation of allogeneic immune responses. The mechanisms through which MSCs exert their therapeutic potential rely on some key properties of the cells as follows: the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, endothelial, and neuronal cells; the ability to secrete multiple bioactive molecules capable of stimulating the recovery of injured cells and inhibiting inflammation; the lack of immunogenicity; and the ability to perform immunomodulatory functions. In the present review, we focus on these three aspects upon which the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mainly based. Furthermore, some pathological conditions under which the application of MSCs should be done with caution are also mentioned.

关键词： mesenchymal stem cells differentiation immunomodulation regenerative medicine

HTML PDF 收藏

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: complexity and opportunities

Yun Zhang, Robert A. Weinberg

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第4期页码 361-373 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0656-6

摘要：

The cell-biological program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in both development and cancer progression. Depending on the contextual signals and intracellular gene circuits of a particular cell, this program can drive fully epithelial cells to enter into a series of phenotypic states arrayed along the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic axis. These cell states display distinctive cellular characteristics, including stemness, invasiveness, drug-resistance and the ability to form metastases at distant organs, and thereby contribute to cancer metastasis and relapse. Currently we still lack a coherent overview of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms inducing cells to enter various states along the epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic spectrum. An improved understanding of the dynamic and plastic nature of the EMT program has the potential to yield novel therapies targeting this cellular program that may aid in the management of high-grade malignancies.

关键词： epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition cancer metastasis cancer stem cell

HTML PDF 收藏

Cooling performance of grid-sheets for highly loaded ultra-supercritical steam turbines

Dieter BOHN , Robert KREWINKEL , Shuqing TIAN ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 313-320 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0036-7

摘要： In order to increase efficiency and achieve a further CO-reduction, the next generation of power plant turbines will have steam turbine inlet temperatures that are considerably higher than the current ones. The high pressure steam turbine inlet temperature is expected to be increased up to approximately 700°C with a live steam pressure of 30MPa. The elevated steam parameters in the high and intermediate pressure turbines can be encountered with Ni-base alloys, but this is a costly alternative associated with many manufacturing difficulties. Collaborative research centre 561 “Thermally Highly Loaded, Porous and Cooled Multi-Layer Systems for Combined Cycle Power Plants” at RWTH Aachen University proposes cooling the highly loaded turbines instead, as this would necessitate the application of far less Ni-base alloys. To protect the thermally highly loaded components, a sandwich material consisting of two thin face sheets and a core made from a woven wire mesh is used to cover the walls of the steam turbine casing. The cooling steam is led through the woven wire mesh between the two face sheets to achieve a cooling effect. The wire mesh provides the grid-sheet with structural rigidity under varying operating conditions.In the present work, the cooling performance of the grid-sheets will be investigated applying the conjugate heat transfer method to ultra-supercritical live and cooling steam conditions for a section of the cooling structure. The behaviour of the flow and the heat transfer in the grid-sheet will be analyzed in detail using a parameter variation. The numerical results should give a first prediction of the cooling performance under future operating conditions.

关键词： steam turbines 700& deg C-technology numerical inverstigation cooling

HTML PDF 收藏

Photothermal materials for efficient solar powered steam generation

Fenghua Liu, Yijian Lai, Binyuan Zhao, Robert Bradley, Weiping Wu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 636-653 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1824-1

摘要： Solar powered steam generation is an emerging area in the field of energy harvest and sustainable technologies. The nano-structured photothermal materials are able to harvest energy from the full solar spectrum and convert it to heat with high efficiency. Moreover, the materials and structures for heat management as well as the mass transportation are also brought to the forefront. Several groups have reported their materials and structures as solutions for high performance devices, a few creatively coupled other physical fields with solar energy to achieve even better results. This paper provides a systematic review on the recent developments in photothermal nanomaterial discovery, material selection, structural design and mass/heat management, as well as their applications in seawater desalination and fresh water production from waste water with free solar energy. It also discusses current technical challenges and likely future developments. This article will help to stimulate novel ideas and new designs for the photothermal materials, towards efficient, low cost practical solar-driven clean water production.

关键词： solar stream generation plasmonics porous carbon photothermal materials solar energy conversion efficiency water vapor generation rate

HTML PDF 收藏

行波堆：设计与开发 Review

John Gilleland, Robert Petroski, Kevan Weaver

《工程（英文）》 2016年第2卷第1期页码 88-96 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.01.024

摘要：

行波堆为一次通过式燃料循环反应堆，其利用堆芯自增殖大大降低了对浓缩和后处理的需求。自增殖将次临界换料燃料转化为新的临界燃料，从而使增殖燃烧波得以扩散。该理念建立在增殖燃烧波和燃料的相对移动的基础上。因此，燃料或增殖燃烧波相对于固定的观察器而言是移动的。行波堆最实用的体现就是能够在将核反应保持在同一位置的同时移动燃料——有时行波堆也被称为“驻波堆”。行波堆能够使用换料铀燃料运行，换料铀燃料包括完全贫化铀、天然铀和低浓缩铀燃料( 即235U含量为5.5 %或更低的燃料)，这些燃料通常在快谱中达不到临界状态。轻水反应堆卸出的乏燃料也可以作为行波堆的换料燃料。上述情况均无需后处理即可实现极高的燃料利用率和燃料废物量的显著降低。当换料燃料为贫化铀时，行波堆的最大优势得以实现，即在启动后，无需浓缩设施，就可维持最先启动的反应堆和一连串后续的反应堆的运行。自2006年起，泰拉能源公司(TerraPower) 与50 多个机构高度协作，开展了概念设计、工程设计和相关技术开发活动，力争到2026年实现将第一个机组投入使用。本文总结了行波堆技术，包括它的发展计划及其进展，分析了行波堆的社会和经济效益。

关键词：核能发电先进反应堆行波堆可持续性

HTML PDF 收藏

Where physics meets chemistry: Thin film deposition from reactive plasmas

Bradley, Robert D. Short

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 441-458 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1598-7

摘要： Functionalising surfaces using polymeric thin films is an industrially important field. One technique for achieving nanoscale, controlled surface functionalization is plasma deposition. Plasma deposition has advantages over other surface engineering processes, including that it is solvent free, substrate and geometry independent, and the surface properties of the film can be designed by judicious choice of precursor and plasma conditions. Despite the utility of this method, the mechanisms of plasma polymer growth are generally unknown, and are usually described by chemical (i.e., radical) pathways. In this review, we aim to show that plasma physics drives the chemistry of the plasma phase, and surface-plasma interactions. For example, we show that ionic species can react in the plasma to form larger ions, and also arrive at surfaces with energies greater than 1000 kJ?mol (>10 eV) and thus facilitate surface reactions that have not been taken into account previously. Thus, improving thin film deposition processes requires an understanding of both physical and chemical processes in plasma.

关键词： thin films plasma physics plasma chemistry functionalization polymer

HTML PDF 收藏

Three-dimensional numerical modeling of single geocell-reinforced sand

Xiaoming YANG, Jie HAN, Robert L. PARSONS, Dov LESHCHINSKY,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 233-240 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0020-7

摘要： This paper summarizes the development of a three-dimensional numerical model for analyzing single geocell-reinforced soil. In this model, the infill soil was modeled using the Duncan-Chang model, which can simulate non-linearity and stress-dependency of soil. Geocell was modeled using linearly elastic plate elements, which can carry both bending and membrane stresses. A linear interface stress-strain relationship with a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion was adopted to model the interface friction between the geocell wall and the soil. By modeling the geocell and the soil separately, the interaction between the soil and the geocell can be accurately simulated. To verify this model, a plate load test was conducted in the laboratory, in which a 12-cm-thick sand layer reinforced by a single geocell was subjected to a vertical load from a circular steel plate. The load-displacement curves and the horizontal tensile strain of the geocell were recorded during the test. A numerical model was created according to the setup of the load test. The numerical results compared reasonably well with the test data.

关键词： geosynthetic reinforcement geocell numerical model FLAC3D

HTML PDF 收藏

Lifeng Zhang, Yifei Song, Weiping Wu, Robert Bradley, Yue Hu, Yi Liu, Shouwu Guo

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期页码 156-163 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1986-x

摘要： Unique self-assembled iron(II) molybdenum(IV) oxide (Fe Mo O ) mesoporous hollow spheres have been facilely constructed the bubble-template-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method combined with simple calcination. The compact assembly of small nanoparticles on the surface of the hollow spheres not only provides more active sites for the Fe Mo O , but also benefits the stability of the hollow structure, and thus improved the lithium storage properties of Fe Mo O . The Fe Mo O mesoporous hollow spheres exhibit high initial discharge and charge capacities of 1189 and 997 mA∙h∙g respectively, as well as good long-term cycling stability (866 mA∙h∙g over 70 cycles) when used as a lithium-ion battery anode. This feasible material synthesis strategy will inspire the variation of structural design in other ternary metal molybdates.

关键词： molybdates Fe₂Mo₃O₈ hollow spheres lithium ion batteries anodes

HTML PDF 收藏

Numerical investigation of the effectiveness of effusion cooling for plane multi-layer systems with different base-materials

Dieter BOHN, Robert KREWINKEL

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 406-413 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0041-x

摘要： Within Collaborative Research Center (SFB) 561 “Thermally Highly Loaded, Porous and Cooled Multi-Layer Systems for Combined Cycle Power Plants” at RWTH Aachen University, an effusion-cooled multi-layer plate configuration is investigated numerically by the application of a three-dimensional in-house fluid flow and heat transfer solver, CHTflow. CHTflow is a conjugate code, which yields information on the temperature distribution in the solid body. This enables a detailed discussion of the effects of a change in materials. The geometrical set-up and the fluid flow conditions derive from modern gas turbine combustion chambers and bladings. Within the SFB, two different multi-layer systems, one consisting of substrate made of CMSX-4 (a single-crystal super-alloy), an MCrAlY-bondoat and a ZrO thermal barrier coating (TBC), and the other consisting of a NiAl-alloy and a graded bondcoat/TBC, have been investigated. The grading will increase the life-span of the TBC as it can better compensate the different thermal expansion coefficients of different materials. The main focus in this study is on the different substrate materials, because the thermal conductivity of the NiAl is considerably higher than that of CMSX-4, which leads to different temperature profiles in the components. The numerical grid for the simulations contains the coolant supply (plenum), the solid body for the conjugate calculations, and the main flow area on the plate. The effusion-cooling is realized by finest drilled shaped holes with a diameter of 0.2mm. The investigation is concentrated on a cooling hole geometry with a laterally widened fan-shaped outlet, contoured throughout, and one without lateral widening that is only shaped in the TBC-region of the system. Two blowing ratios, =0.28 and =0.48, are investigated, both for a hot gas Mach number of 0.25. The results for the lower blowing ratio and the fully contoured hole are discussed as well as those of the higher blowing ratio and the non-laterally widened hole. These represent two characteristic cases.

关键词： conjugate calculation effectiveness of effusion cooling multi-layer systems CMSX-4 NiAl-FG75

HTML PDF 收藏

Process control factors for continuous microbial perchlorate reduction in the presence of zero-valent iron

ARTHUR Robert D.,TORLAPATI Jagadish,SHIN Kyung-Hee,CHA Daniel K.,YOON Yeomin,SON Ahjeong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 386-393 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0593-1

摘要： Process control parameters influencing microbial perchlorate reduction via a flow-through zero-valent iron (ZVI) column reactor were investigated in order to optimize perchlorate removal from water. Mixed perchlorate reducers were obtained from a wastewater treatment plant and inoculated into the reactor without further acclimation. Examined parameters included hydraulic residence time (HRT), pH, nutrients requirement, and perchlorate reduction kinetics. The minimum HRT for the system was concluded to be 8 hr. The removal efficiency of 10 mg·L influent perchlorate concentration was reduced by 20%–80% without control to the neutral pH (HRT= 8 hr). Therefore pH was determined to be an important parameter for microbial perchlorate reduction. Furthermore, a viable alternative to pH buffer was discussed. The microbial perchlorate reduction followed the first order kinetics, with a rate constant ( ) of 0.761 hr . The results from this study will contribute to the implementation of a safe, cost effective, and efficient system for perchlorate reduction to below regulated levels.

关键词： perchlorate zero-valent iron (ZVI) microbial reduction hydrogen

HTML PDF 收藏

中国功能晶体研究进展 Review

王继扬,于浩海,吴以成,Robert Boughton

《工程（英文）》 2015年第1卷第2期页码 192-210 doi: 10.15302/J-ENG-2015053

摘要：

功能晶体是现代科学技术发展的基础材料之一，在当前信息时代发挥着重要和关键的作用。本文总结了若干功能晶体的研究进展，综述了中国功能晶体的现状及重大成就和重要应用，讨论了功能晶体面临的挑战和机遇，提出了可能的发展方向。

关键词：功能材料，激光晶体，非线性光学晶体，闪烁晶体，弛豫型铁电晶体，半导体

HTML PDF 收藏

中法关于核能与环境的联合研究 Feature Article

赵宪庚, 叶其蓁, Sébastien Candel, Dominique Vignon, Robert Guillaumont

《工程（英文）》 2023年第26卷第7期页码 159-172 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.011

摘要：

本文聚焦核能的环境影响问题，将解决如下核能发电相关的主要环境问题：①控制正常运行条件下核设施的放射性排放，评估其非放射性环境影响（取水与非放射性水的排放）；②乏燃料与放射性废物的长期管理，主要是通过地质处置库处理的乏燃料或放射性废物；③防止和缓解严重核事故以及核事故的放射性释放；④改善核安全水平，以限制核能的环境影响，提升公众的核能接受度。核能的温室气体排放水平非常低，可以根据需求供应大规模、可调度电力，在此方面核能具有独特的优势。在正常运行工况下，核电站每年释放到周围公众的有效辐射剂量可以忽略不计。国际社会已经开展了大量的努力，以确定可持续管理地质处置条件下高放长寿命放射性废物的方法。过去几次严重核事故中获得的经验为核能生产相关的安全问题提供了经验，也促成了重要的安全改进，其中包括反应堆的设计和运行管理方面的改善以及事故管理指导方针的制定等。事实证明，这些经验是非常宝贵的。严重事故的环境风险已经被大幅降低，相关的规约也已经建立起来，以最大限度地减少严重核事故条件下放射性物质的释放，并避免大规模的人员疏散。还需要继续采取措施，改善反应堆的安全性，提升核工业与核监管机构的透明度，以进一步降低核能的环境影响。

关键词：核能环境影响放射性废物管理严重核事故核安全